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Both concrete &

Steel bldgs. Have adequately with-stood major earthquakes in California. Special foundations allow the buildings to move .

Properly built frame buildings Can adequately resist earthquakes.

Unreinforced masonry bldgs. have little resistance. Reinforced do well.

The MERCALI Insurance Damage Scale

I Felt by very few and only in very favorable conditions.

II Felt by on ly few people, mostly on upper floors of building .

Suspended objects may swing.

III Felt noticeably indoors on upper floors, but may not be recognized as an earth

quak Automobiles standing still may rock, as if being passed by a truck.

IV Felt indoors by many, outdoors by few. May awaken some at night. Dishes, &

windows may rattle, walls may creak. Hanging objects swing.

V Felt by almost everyone, many awakened. Some dishes, windows, may be broken,

plaster may crack, unstable objects may overturn. Trees, poles, tall objects may

move.

VI Felt by all,may be frightened and run outdoors. Hard to walk steadily. Windows,

dishes, glassware may be broken, things fall off of shelves. Church bells may ring.

Heavy furniture moves. Structural damage slight.

VII People run outdoors, difficult to stand. Waves created on water, mud churns up.

Small landslides. Well built structures have negligible damage, moderate in

ordinary structures, considerable in poorly built structures. Chimneys may break

off. Felt by drivers.

VIII Damage may be considerable in ordinary buildings, and some may collapse. If not

bolted ,frame houses move on foundations. Towers, columns, chimneys , may fall.

Steering may be affected. Well water may change.

IX General panic. Damage is considerable , some buildings may partially collapse.

Buildings shift on foundations. Ground cracks. Underground pipes break.

X Well built wooden structures may be destroyed., most masonry and framed

structures destroyed, ground badly cracked. Rails bend. Landslides considerable.

Water over banks. Sand and mud shift.

XI Few if any, masonry structures remain standing. Bridges destroyed. Broad

fissures in ground. Underground pipelines out of service. Earth slumps, land slips.

XII Damage nearly total. Large rock masses are displaced. Ground Waves can be seen.

Sight may be distorted. Objects are thrown into the air.